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CONSECRATION CEREMONY OF THE ANCESTRAL TEMPLE OF THE GREAT DINH NHO CLAN IN THE COMMUNE OF SON TIEN (Huong Son) HA TINH, 18 JUNE, YEAR OF THE SNAKE.
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LIST OF THE LIAISON COMMITTEE (BLL) OF THE ĐINH FAMILY OF VIETNAM — Term II (2017–2022)
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DECODING OF THE CHARACTER 東 (ĐÔNG) BY HOÀNG GIÁP ĐINH NHO HOÀN Hoàng Giáp Đinh Nho Hoàn (丁儒完) was born on 5 October 1671 (the 9th year of the Cảnh Trị era, i.e. 7 November 1671) in the commune of An Ấp, district of Hương Sơn, province of Nghệ An (today the commune of Sơn Hoà, district of Hương Sơn, province of Hà Tĩnh). Born into a family of scholars, his father, Đinh Nho Công (丁儒功), obtained his doctorate in 1670 during the Canh Tuất year, held the office of Tham Chính of Thanh Hoa, then that of Thiêm Đô Ngự Sử under the reign of King Lê Huyền Tông, during the Chính Hoà period (1680–1705). In 1700, under the reign of King Lê Hy Tông, Đinh Nho Hoàn passed the second-class doctoral examination (Hoàng Giáp). At the imperial examinations of the Canh Thìn year, the 21st year of the Chính Hoà reign (1700), he passed the fourth stage and obtained the title of second-class doctor of philosophy (Hoàng Giáp). The Lê dynasty selected 19 candidates admitted to this examination: only one obtained the title of first-class doctor of philosophy (Thám Hoa), three that of second-class doctor of philosophy (Hoàng Giáp), and fifteen that of third-class doctor of philosophy (Tiến Sĩ). At the age of 30, Đinh Nho Hoàn ranked fourth on the list of successful candidates.
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Đinh Nho Hoàn (1671–1716), also known as Tồn Phát and by the pen name Mặc Trai, was the third son of Doctor Đinh Nho Công (1637–1695). (His son-in-law, Nguyễn Trọng Thường, also earned a doctorate and shared a fate similar to his father-in-law's: he too was sent on a mission and died along the way.) The names of Công, Hoàn and Thường are inscribed on the doctoral steles of the Temple of Literature at the National University. In 1700, Đinh Nho Hoàn passed the second-class doctoral examination (Hoàng Giáp); he subsequently held various offices: Hàn Lâm Viện Hiệu Lý, Hiến Sát Sứ of Sơn Tây, Đốc Trấn of Cao Bằng, Hữu Thị Lang of the Ministry of Rites, Thượng Bảo Tự Khanh, and Phó Chánh Sứ to the Qing. In particular, during his term as governor of Cao Bằng (1704–1710), he helped to stabilize security (after the Lê–Trịnh regime had driven the Mạc dynasty out of Cao Bằng), to repair the roads, to clear the rocky rapids of the Bằng Giang river, to open navigable waterways to the border, to develop the economy and to facilitate trade with the Chinese… His merits were commemorated by the people through inscriptions. He also composed poems celebrating the beauty of Cao Bằng (in the Ten Poems of Cao Bằng, composed in the style of the Tang dynasty, sometimes with lines of six words), as well as lục bát poems urging the people to « improve themselves », to « settle down and prosper », to « live with loyalty and righteousness », to « respect their teachers », to « live in harmony with their brothers », to « avoid drunkenness and theft », to « do good and forsake evil »… (in the poem « Hoán Tỉnh Châu Dân Từ »). After his death, he was posthumously granted the title of Left Vice-Minister of the Ministry of Rites, and the court had a temple built in his honour and conferred on him the title of Đắc Đạt Đại Vương. At present, few of Đinh Nho Hoàn's poetic and prose works have been collected. Đinh Nho Hoàn's most precious works are those composed during his diplomatic missions. Some researchers have found that he also composed many poems in Nôm script during these missions, but these have not yet been published. After Đinh Nho Hoàn's death, his son-in-law, Doctor Nguyễn Trọng Thường, gathered 113 poems, one prose text and three essays composed by Đinh Nho Hoàn in 1715 during a diplomatic mission. Nguyễn Trọng Thường entitled this collection « Mặc Ông Sứ Tập » (Collection of poems of Đinh Nho Hoàn's embassy). Đinh Nho Hoàn died during his diplomatic mission. To this day, historians still debate the date of his death: before his arrival in Yên Kinh (present-day Beijing) or after his departure. Many researchers believe he died in early 1716, after meeting the Qing emperor and being greatly esteemed by him. (Officially, he is still considered to have died in 1715.) After Đinh Nho Hoàn's death, the Qing dynasty did not carry out cremation but embalmed his body and placed it in a coffin. The Chinese embassy then repatriated it to Vietnam (the journey, by land and sea, took about nine to ten months). On 27 December 1716 (lunar calendar), the 55th year of Kangxi's reign, the Qing emperor ordered the Ministry of Rites to compose the funeral eulogy and to conduct the funeral rites. The eulogy included the following passage (translation by the Institute of Hán-Nôm Studies): …He had come to our court as an envoy to bear witness to great righteousness. The Emperor mourned the deceased, showing deep compassion and great solicitude for those who were far away. He served the king of his country at his command. From afar, he crossed the seas and climbed the mountains. He paid his respects at Lake Dongting and gazed upon the heavens. His mission had just been accomplished. Why has he left this world? I am deeply saddened by it. I grant him funeral rites worthy of his rank. So as to fulfil his wishes in the hereafter. Alas! Distant mountains and rivers, wandering through deserted post-relays, Loyal to the point of sacrificing his life, his soul returns to his homeland. His sacred spirit remains. We respectfully accept this tribute. Đinh Nho Hoàn's legacy is not vast, but it is precious. Concerning Đinh Nho Hoàn's poetry, the work *Anthology of Vietnamese Literature*, published by the Social Sciences Publishing House in 2000 and edited by Bùi Duy Tân, volume 6 (Literature during the Trịnh–Nguyễn conflict), page 315, states: « Đinh Nho Hoàn's poetry is fluid, gentle, rich in feeling and profound meaning, passionately expressing his love for his homeland and his national pride. » The extent of the poetic and prose work composed by Đinh Nho Hoàn during his lifetime is unknown. Today, we know only the book « Mặc Ông Sứ Tập », five poems in Chinese characters taken from Lê Quý Đôn's « Toàn Việt Thi Lục », as well as a few poems and songs in Nôm script composed during his service as an official in Cao Bằng. Among these are ten Tang-style poems celebrating the beauty of the landscapes of Cao Bằng (« Cao Bằng Thập Thủ ») and 148 verses in six-eight metre from the poem « Hoán Tỉnh Châu Dân Từ » (A Call to Awaken the People of the Province). In my opinion, the poems of Đinh Nho Hoàn that have come down to us probably represent only a tiny part of his entire body of work. Fortunately, we can still enjoy the collection « Mặc Trai Sứ Tập » (Literature Publishing House – 2009), presented by the diplomat Đinh Nho Liêm and his colleagues. It contains 93 Tang-style poems taken from the 117 poems of the « Mặc Ông Sứ Tập », which are certainly Đinh Nho Hoàn's last poems. Đinh Nho Hồng
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The construction of a family ancestral temple is an event of great cultural and spiritual significance, bearing witness to deep gratitude and great respect towards the ancestors. It is not only a place of worship, but also a symbol of unity and solidarity among the members of the family.
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THE DINH FAMILY OF HA TINH, PAST AND PRESENT The Đinh Nho family of Hà Tĩnh springs from a great family of Ninh Bình. During times of turmoil, Mrs Hoàng Quý Thị and her four sons — Đinh Phúc Diên, Đinh Phúc Tiên, Đinh Phúc… (name unknown?) and Đinh Phúc An — fled to Hoan Châu. They finally reached Nghi Lộc, Nghệ An.
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A young man from the Đinh Nho family, in Hà Tĩnh province, excels in business A young man of the 1980s generation, a descendant of the Đinh Nho Hoàn family With only 2,000 square metres of land, but thanks to the use of modern technology, this young man of the 1980s generation, from Hà Tĩnh, earns half a billion đồng a year from growing melons. After many years spent venturing into various lines of business, Mr Đinh Nho Quỳnh (born in 1984, residing in the commune of Yên Hồ, district of Đức Thọ, province of Hà Tĩnh) surprised the local population by returning to farming.
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On 4 April 2026, at the Đinh Nho ancestral temple in Sơn Hoà, formerly the district of Hương Sơn, under the chairmanship of Mr Đinh Xuân Việt, head of the liaison committee, the Đinh family of Hà Tĩnh province held its third conference and its early-2026 New Year gathering.
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The passionate sporting spirit of the Dinh family: from tradition to modernity
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Today, 6 September 2025 – the 15th day of the 7th lunar month of the Year of the Snake (2015) –, Mr Đinh Ngọc Tuân, president of the Đinh Family Association of Hanoi, offered incense and paid homage at the Đinh Nho ancestral temple, located in the village of Đồng Vực, commune of Sơn Tiến, province of Hà Tĩnh, on the occasion of its inauguration and restoration.
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Today, 6 September 2025 (corresponding to the 15th day of the 7th lunar month of the Year of the Snake), a delegation representing the Đinh Family Association in Hồ Chí Minh City, led by Mr Đinh Văn Mười, attended the ceremony inaugurating the restoration and renovation of the ancestral temple of the Đinh Nho clan in the village of Đồng Vực, commune of Sơn Tiến, district of Hương Sơn, province of Hà Tĩnh.
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INAUGURATION OF THE DINH NHO DAI TON ANCESTRAL TEMPLE (6 September 2025 – full moon of the 7th lunar month of the Year of the Snake, 2025) Acrostic
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On the morning of 14 November 2015, in Hương Sơn, the Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism of Hà Tĩnh province, in collaboration with the People's Committee of Hương Sơn district and the Đinh Family Association of Vietnam, organized a scientific conference entitled « Hoàng Giáp Đinh Nho Hoàn – Life and career ». Associate Professor Đinh Quang Hải, director of the Institute of History, took part in it.
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Đinh Nho Hoàn, also known as Tồn Phúc, pen name Mặc Trai, was the third son of Đinh Nho Công and his wife Đặng Thị (commune of Sơn Hoà, district of Hương Sơn, province of Hà Tĩnh). Đinh Nho Hoàn was born on 5 October 1671 (7 November 1671), the Tân Hợi year of the Cảnh Trị reign. From his earliest years, Đinh Nho Hoàn was intelligent and studious. His father tutored him privately, fostering a strong love of learning and diligent study. Later, he studied in the capital under many renowned masters. At the age of 30, he passed the second-class doctoral examination (Hoàng Giáp) in the Canh Thìn year of the Chính Hoà reign (1700). On this subject, Đinh Nho Hoàn wrote: « My parents had twelve children, and I, Mặc Trai, was the third. At 30, I passed the Hội examination, and at the Đình examination I obtained the "Hoàng Giáp" rank. In mid-autumn (August) of the Nhâm Ngọ year (September 1702), I was appointed governor of Sơn Tây province. In mid-autumn (July) of the Giáp Thân year (August 1704), I was appointed governor of Cao Bình province... »